2.Servlet

动态web

2.1servlet原理

2.2Mapping问题

1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

2.一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径

      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello5</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

3.一个servlet可以指定通用映射路径

      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
          <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

4.默认请求路径

       <!--默认请求路径-->
       <servlet-mapping>
           <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
           <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>

5.指定一些后缀或者前缀等等…

  
  <!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射
      注意点，*前面不能加项目映射的路径
      hello/sajdlkajda.qinjiang
      -->
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

6.先级问题

指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求；

  <!--404-->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

2.3ServletContext

1.共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到；

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        //this.getInitParameter()   初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig()   Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext()  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "秦疆"; //数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username); //将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为：username 。值 username

    }

}

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2.获取初始化参数

    <!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
    resp.getWriter().print(url);
}

3.请求转发

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
    System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
    //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //转发的请求路径
    //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发；
    context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);
}

4.读取资源文件

Properties

在java目录下新建properties
在resources目录下新建properties

username=root12312
password=zxczxczxc

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/kuang/servlet/aa.properties");

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.4HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest
对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse；

如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

 servletOutputstream getOutputstream() throws IOException;
    Printwriter getwriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1)；
void setContentLength(int var1)；
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1)；
void setDateHeader(String varl,long var2)
void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2)
void setHeader(String var1,String var2);
void addHeader(String var1,String var2)；
void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2);
void addIntHeader(String varl,int var2);

响应的状态码

2.下载文件

向浏览器输出消息（一直在讲，就不说了）
1. 下载文件
要获取下载文件的路径
下载的文件名是啥？
设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
获取下载文件的输入流
创建缓冲区
获取OutputStream对象
将FileOutputStream流写入到bufer缓冲区
使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // 1. 要获取下载文件的路径
    String realPath = "F:\\班级管理\\西开【19525】\\2、代码\\JavaWeb\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\秦疆.png";
    System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
    // 2. 下载的文件名是啥？
    String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
    // 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
    resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
    // 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
    FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
    // 5. 创建缓冲区
    int len = 0;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    // 6. 获取OutputStream对象
    ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
    // 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
    while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
        out.write(buffer,0,len);
    }

    in.close();
    out.close();
}

3.验证码功能

前端实现
后端实现

生成随机数-然后画图片-显示

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg", resp.getOutputStream());

    }

    //生成随机7位数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length() ; i++) {
            sb.append("0");//不足7位的前面补0 
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<servlet>
	<servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>Imageservlet</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/img</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4.实现重定向

常见场景:

用户登录

 void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

@override
protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req, HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    resp. sendRedirect("/r/img");//重定向
    /*
    resp. setHeader("Location","/r/img");
    resp. setstatus (302);
    *
}

index.jsp

<html>
	<body>
		<h2>Hel1o World!</h2>
		
		《%--这里超交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
		<%--${pageContext. request, contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
		<form action="${pageContext. request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
			用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
			密码: <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
			<input type="submit">
		</form>
	
	</body>
</html>

RequestTest.java

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //处理方求
    String username = req.getParameter( s: "username");
    String password  rea.getParameter( s: "password");

    System.out.println(username+":"+password);

    resp.sendRedirect(s: "/r/success.jsp");
}

重定向页面success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
	    <title>Title</title>
	    </head>
    <body>
    	<h1>success</h1>
    </body>
</html>

web.xml配置

    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com. kuang. servlet. RequestTest</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

依赖的jar包

<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository. com/artifact/javax. servLet/javax. servlet-opi -->
<dependency>
<groupld>javax.servlet</grouptd>
<artifactId>javax. servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax. servLet.jsp/javax. servLet.jsp-opi -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupld>
<artifactId>javax. servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

2.5HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器, HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;

1.常用方法

2.获取参数,请求转发

3.自己创建类，且需要继承HttpServlet类

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req. HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

	req. setcharacterEncoding("utf-8");
	resp.setcharacterEncoding("utf-8");
	String username = req.getParameter("username");
	String password = req.getParameter("password");
	String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
	System.out.println("==========");
	//后台接收中文乱码问题
	System. out.println(username);
	System. out.println(password);
	System. out.println(Arrays.tostring(hobbys));
	System. out.println("============");
	system. out.println(req.getContextPath());
	//通过请求转发
	//这里的/代表当前的web应用
	req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
}

目录CONTENT

2.Servlet

2.Servlet

2.1servlet原理

2.2Mapping问题

1. 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

2.一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径

3.一个servlet可以指定通用映射路径

4.默认请求路径

5.指定一些后缀或者前缀等等…

6.先级问题

2.3ServletContext

1.共享数据

2.获取初始化参数

3.请求转发

4.读取资源文件

2.4HttpServletResponse

1.简单分类

2.下载文件

3.验证码功能

4.实现重定向

2.5HttpServletRequest

1.常用方法

2.获取参数,请求转发

3.自己创建类，且需要继承HttpServlet类

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