4.jsp

4.1什么是JSP

Java Server Pages ： Java服务器端页面，也和Servlet一样，用于动态Web技术！

最大的特点：

写JSP就像在写HTML
区别：
- HTML只给用户提供静态的数据
- JSP页面中可以嵌入JAVA代码，为用户提供动态数据；

4.2JSP原理

思路：JSP到底怎么执行的！

代码层面没有任何问题
服务器内部工作

tomcat中有一个work目录；

IDEA中使用Tomcat的会在IDEA的tomcat中生产一个work目录

我电脑的地址：

C:\Users\12113\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.1\tomcat\a0e0e6c5-ae30-4a28-a81b-421225c9e075\work\Catalina\localhost\r\org\apache\jsp

浏览器向服务器发送请求，不管访问什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet！

JSP最终也会被转换成为一个Java类！

JSP 本质上就是一个Servlet

//初始化
  public void _jspInit() {
      
  }
//销毁
  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }
//JSPService
  public void _jspService(.HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)

判断请求
内置一些对象

final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;  //页面上下文
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;    //session
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;   //applicationContext
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;         //config
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;           //out
final java.lang.Object page = this;               //page：当前
HttpServletRequest request                        //请求
HttpServletResponse response                      //响应

输出页面前增加的代码

response.setContentType("text/html");       //设置响应的页面类型
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
       null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;

以上这些对象我们可以在jsp页面中直接使用

在JSP页面中；

只要是 JAVA代码就会原封不动的输出；

如果是HTML代码，就会被转换为：

out.write("<html>\r\n");

JSP原页面与主页面对比

hello.jsp源代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
    String name = "yddyyds";
%>
name:<%=name%>
</body>
</html>

hello_jsp.java

/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.36
 * Generated at: 2021-08-06 10:58:31 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;

public final class hello_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
      final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
      if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
      if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
    }

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");

    String name = "yddyyds";

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("name:");
      out.print(name);
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

4.3JSP基础语法

任何语言都有自己的语法，JAVA中有,。 JSP 作为java技术的一种应用，它拥有一些自己扩充的语法（了解，知道即可！），Java所有语法都支持！

1.JSP表达式

  <%--JSP表达式
  作用：用来将程序的输出，输出到客户端
  <%= 变量或者表达式%>
  --%>
  <%= new java.util.Date()%>

2.jsp脚本片段

  <%--jsp脚本片段--%>
  <%
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {
      sum+=i;
    }
    out.println("<h1>Sum="+sum+"</h1>");
  %>

3.脚本片段的再实现

  <%
    int x = 10;
    out.println(x);
  %>
  <p>这是一个JSP文档</p>
  <%
    int y = 2;
    out.println(y);
  %>

  <hr>


  <%--在代码嵌入HTML元素--%>
  <%
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  %>
    <h1>Hello,World  <%=i%> </h1>
  <%
    }
  %>

4.JSP声明

  <%!
    static {
      System.out.println("Loading Servlet!");
    }

    private int globalVar = 0;

    public void kuang(){
      System.out.println("进入了方法Kuang！");
    }
  %>

JSP声明：会被编译到JSP生成Java的类中！其他的，就会被生成到类中的_jspService方法中！

在JSP，嵌入Java代码即可！

<%%>
<%=%>
<%!%>

<%--注释--%>

JSP的注释，不会在客户端(浏览器查看源代码)显示，HTML就会显示！

4.4JSP指令

可以导包，可以定制错误页面

<%@page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@page errorPage="error/500.jsp" %>

web.xml定制错误页面

	<error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/error/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>

    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/error/500.jsp</location>
    </error-page>

jsp拼接的两种方法

<%@include

<jsp:include

<%@page args.... %>
<%@include file=""%>

<%--@include会将多个页面合二为一--%>

<%@include file="common/header.jsp"%>
<h1>网页主体</h1>

<%@include file="common/footer.jsp"%>

<hr>


<%--jSP标签
    jsp:include：拼接页面，本质还是三个
    --%>
<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>

jspinclude.jsp源代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%@include file="common/header.jsp"%>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<%@include file="common/footer.jsp"%>

<hr>

<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>

</body>
</html>

生成的jspinclude_jsp.java代码

/*
 * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
 * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.36
 * Generated at: 2021-08-06 12:15:12 UTC
 * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
 *       the last modified time of the source file after
 *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
 */
package org.apache.jsp;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;

public final class jspinclude_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
    implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent,
                 org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports {

  private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
          javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();

  private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;

  //jsp:include方法本质还是三个页面
  static {
    _jspx_dependants = new java.util.HashMap<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long>(2);
    _jspx_dependants.put("/common/header.jsp", Long.valueOf(1628251837191L));
    _jspx_dependants.put("/common/footer.jsp", Long.valueOf(1628251837119L));
  }

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages;

  private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes;

  static {
    _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>();
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http");
    _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp");
    _jspx_imports_classes = null;
  }

  private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
  private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;

  public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
    return _jspx_dependants;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_packages;
  }

  public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() {
    return _jspx_imports_classes;
  }

  public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() {
    if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_el_expressionfactory == null) {
          _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        }
      }
    }
    return _el_expressionfactory;
  }

  public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() {
    if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
      synchronized (this) {
        if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) {
          _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
        }
      }
    }
    return _jsp_instancemanager;
  }

  public void _jspInit() {
  }

  public void _jspDestroy() {
  }

  public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
      throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

    if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) {
      final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod();
      if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
      if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) {
        response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS");
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS");
        return;
      }
    }

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
      			null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

        //<%@include方法直接拼接页面
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("<h1>header</h1>\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<h1>网页主体</h1>\r\n");//include方法把
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("    <title>Title</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("<h1>footer</h1>\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<hr>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "/common/header.jsp", out, false);//动态包含
      out.write('\r');
      out.write('\n');
      org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "/common/footer.jsp", out, false);
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>\r\n");
    } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try {
            if (response.isCommitted()) {
              out.flush();
            } else {
              out.clearBuffer();
            }
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
        else throw new ServletException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }
}

对于静态包含，<%@include%>，中包含的文件，只是简单的嵌入到主文件中，就是在jsp页面转化成Servlet时才嵌入到主文件中，因为运行的结果是只生成了一个Servlet。

而对于动态包含<jsp:incude>，如果被包含文件是动态的，那么就会生成两个Servlet，也就是被包含文件也要经过jsp引擎编译执行生成一个Servlet，两个Servlet通过request和reponse进行通信。如果被包含的文件是静态的，那么这种情况和<%@include>就很相似，只生成了一个Servlet，但是他们之间没有进行简单的嵌入，而依然是通过request和reponse进行的通信。

4.5 9大内置对象

1.PageContext 存东西
2.Request 存东西
3.Response
4.Session 存东西
5.Application 【SerlvetContext】存东西
6.config 【SerlvetConfig】
7.out
8.page ，不用了解
9.exception

作用域

从底层到高层：page -> request -> session -> application

<%
  pageContext.setAttribute("name1","岩弟弟01");//保存的数据只在一个页面中有效
  request.setAttribute("name2","岩弟弟02");//保存的数据只在一次请求中有效，请求转发会携带这个数据
  session.setAttribute("name3","岩弟弟03");//保存的数据只会在一次会话中有效，从打开浏览器到关闭
  application.setAttribute("name4","岩弟弟04");//保存的数据只在服务器中有效，从打开服务器到关闭服务器
%>

解释：

request：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户看完就没用了，比如：新闻，用户看完没用的！

session：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户用完一会还有用，比如：购物车；

application：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，一个用户用完了，其他用户还可能使用，比如：聊天数据；
PageContext转发

<%
    //转发的jsp和java两种实现方式
    pageContext.forward("/index.jsp");//jsp中的实现
//    request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp").forward(request,response);javaservlet后端中的实现
%>

4.6 JSP标签、JSTL标签、EL表达式

<!-- JSTL表达式的依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- standard标签库 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
    <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>

EL表达式： ${ }

获取数据
执行运算
获取web开发的常用对象

JSP标签

<%--jsp:include--%>

<%--
http://localhost:8080/jsptag.jsp?name=kuangshen&age=12
--%>

<jsp:forward page="/jsptag2.jsp">
    <jsp:param name="name" value="kuangshen"></jsp:param>
    <jsp:param name="age" value="12"></jsp:param>
</jsp:forward>

JSTL表达式

JSTL标签库的使用就是为了弥补HTML标签的不足；它自定义许多标签，可以供我们使用，标签的功能和Java代码一样！

格式化标签

SQL标签

XML 标签

核心标签 （掌握部分）

JSTL标签库使用步骤

引入对应的 taglib
使用其中的方法
在Tomcat 也需要引入 jstl的包，否则会报错：JSTL解析错误

c：if

<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<h4>if测试</h4>

<hr>

<form action="coreif.jsp" method="get">
    <%--
    EL表达式获取表单中的数据
    ${param.参数名}
    --%>
    <input type="text" name="username" value="${param.username}">
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

<%--判断如果提交的用户名是管理员，则登录成功--%>
<c:if test="${param.username=='admin'}" var="isAdmin">
    <c:out value="管理员欢迎您！"/>
</c:if>

<%--自闭合标签--%>
<c:out value="${isAdmin}"/>

</body>

c:choose c:when

<body>

<%--定义一个变量score，值为85--%>
<c:set var="score" value="55"/>

<c:choose>
    <c:when test="${score>=90}">
        你的成绩为优秀
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=80}">
        你的成绩为一般
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score>=70}">
        你的成绩为良好
    </c:when>
    <c:when test="${score<=60}">
        你的成绩为不及格
    </c:when>
</c:choose>

</body>

c:forEach

<%

    ArrayList<String> people = new ArrayList<>();
    people.add(0,"张三");
    people.add(1,"李四");
    people.add(2,"王五");
    people.add(3,"赵六");
    people.add(4,"田六");
    request.setAttribute("list",people);
%>


<%--
var , 每一次遍历出来的变量
items, 要遍历的对象
begin,   哪里开始
end,     到哪里
step,   步长
--%>
<c:forEach var="people" items="${list}">
    <c:out value="${people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>

<hr>

<c:forEach var="people" items="${list}" begin="1" end="3" step="1" >
    <c:out value="${people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>

目录CONTENT

4.jsp

4.jsp

4.1什么是JSP

4.2JSP原理

JSP原页面与主页面对比

4.3JSP基础语法

1.JSP表达式

2.jsp脚本片段

3.脚本片段的再实现

4.JSP声明

4.4JSP指令

可以导包，可以定制错误页面

web.xml定制错误页面

jsp拼接的两种方法

4.5 9大内置对象

4.6 JSP标签、JSTL标签、EL表达式

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